Opposing Nodal and BMP Signals Regulate Left–Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Larva 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Opposing Nodal and BMP Signals Regulate Left–Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Larva 英文参考文献.doc

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Opposing Nodal and BMP Signals Regulate Left–Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Larva 英文参考文献

OpposingNodalandBMPSignalsRegulateLeft–Right AsymmetryintheSeaUrchinLarva Yi-JyunLuo,Yi-HsienSu* InstituteofCellularandOrganismicBiology,AcademiaSinica,Nankang,Taipei,Taiwan Abstract NodalandBMPsignalsareimportantforestablishingleft-right(LR)asymmetryinvertebrates.Inseaurchins,Nodalsignaling preventstheformationoftherudimentontherightside.However,theopposingpathwaytoNodalsignalingduringLRaxis establishmentisnotclear.Here,werevealedthatBMPsignalingisactivatedintheleftcoelomicpouch,specificallyinthe veg2lineage,butnotinthesmallmicromeres.ByperturbingBMPactivities,wedemonstratedthatBMPsignalingisrequired foractivatingtheexpressionoftheleft-sidedgenesandtheformationoftheleft-sidedstructures.Ontheotherhand,Nodal signalsontherightsideinhibitBMPsignalingandcontrolLRasymmetricseparationandapoptosisofthesmallmicromeres. OurfindingsshowthatBMPsignalingisthepositivesignalforleft-sideddevelopmentinseaurchins,suggestingthatthe opposingrolesofNodalandBMPsignalsinestablishingLRasymmetryareconservedindeuterostomes. Citation: Luo Y-J, Su Y-H (2012) Opposing Nodal and BMP Signals Regulate Left–Right Asymmetry in the Sea Urchin Larva. PLoS Biol 10(10): e1001402. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001402 AcademicEditor:HiroshiHamada,OsakaUniversity,Japan ReceivedFebruary21,2012;AcceptedAugust28,2012;PublishedOctober9,2012 Copyright:?2012Luo,Su.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricted use,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisworkwassupportedbythegrants99-2923-B-001-004-MY2and100-2627-B-001-003fromNationalScienceCouncil,Taiwan.Thefundershadno roleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. Abbreviations: BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; CP, coelomic pouch; DM, dorsomorphin; HC, hydroporic canal; LR, left-right; RLE, right lateral ectoderm; Smm,smal