Opposite Effects of Early Maternal Deprivation on Neurogenesis in Male versus Female Rats 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Opposite Effects of Early Maternal Deprivation on Neurogenesis in Male versus Female Rats 英文参考文献.doc

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Opposite Effects of Early Maternal Deprivation on Neurogenesis in Male versus Female Rats 英文参考文献

OppositeEffectsofEarlyMaternalDeprivationon NeurogenesisinMaleversusFemaleRats CharlotteA.Oomen,CarlosE.N.Girardi,RudyCahyadi,EvaC.Verbeek,HarmKrugers,MarianJoe¨ls, PaulJ.Lucassen* SILSCentreforNeuroscience,UniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:Majordepressionismoreprevalentinwomenthaninmen.Theunderlyingneurobiologicalmechanismsare notwellunderstood,butrecentdatashowsthathippocampalvolumereductionsindepressedwomenoccuronlywhen depression is preceded by an early life stressor. This underlines the potential importance of early life stress, at least in women, for the vulnerability to develop depression. Perinatal stress exposure in rodents affects critical periods of brain development that persistently alter structural, emotional and neuroendocrine parameters in adult offspring. Moreover, stressinhibitsadulthippocampalneurogenesis,aformofstructuralplasticitythathasbeenimplicateda.o.inantidepressant action and is highly abundant early postnatally. We here tested the hypothesis that early life stress differentially affects hippocampalstructuralplasticityinfemaleversusmaleoffspring. PrincipalFindings:Weshowthat24hofmaternaldeprivation(MD)atPND3affectshippocampalstructuralplasticityat PND21inasex-dependentmanner.Neurogenesiswassignificantlyincreasedinmalebutdecreasedinfemaleoffspringafter MD.Sincenootherstructuralchangeswerefoundingranulecelllayervolume,newborncellsurvivalorproliferationrate, astrocyte number or gliogenesis, this indicates that MD elicits specific changes in subsets of differentiating cells and differentially affects immature neurons. The MD induced sex-specific effects on neurogenesis cannot be explained by differencesinmaternalcare. Conclusions: Our data shows that early environment has a critical influence on establishing sex differences in neural plasticity and supports the concept that the setpoint for neurogenesis may be determined during perinatal life. It is tempting to speculate that a reduced level of neurogenesis,