Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds 英文参考文献.doc

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Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds 英文参考文献

Genet.Sel.Evol.38(2006)99–126 c INRA,EDPSciences,2005 DOI:10.1051/gse:2005029 99 Originalarticle Optimumallocationofconservationfunds andchoiceofconservationprograms forasetofAfricancattlebreeds SabineB.R????-M????a?,AwuduA??????b,HennerS??????? c a InstituteforAgriculturalEconomics,SwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,Zurich, SwitzerlandandDepartmentofAnimalScience,SwissCollegeofAgriculture,Zollikofen, Switzerland b DepartmentofFoodEconomicsandConsumptionStudies,UniversityofKiel,Kiel,Germany c DepartmentofAnimalBreedingandGenetics,UniversityofGoettingen,Goettingen, Germany (Received15May2005;accepted16August2005) Abstract–Althoughfundsforlivestockconservation arelimitedthereislittleknownabout theoptimalallocationofconservationfunds.AnewalgorithmwasusedtoallocateMioUS$ 1,2,3,5orunlimitedfunds,discountedover50years,on23Africancattlebreedsconserved withfour di?erent possibleconservation programs. Additionally, MioUS$1waspreferably allocatedtobreedswithspecialtraits.Theconceptionalinsituconservationprogramsstrongly involve breeders and give them part of the responsibility for the conservation of the breed. Therefore,thepureinsituconservationwasmoree?cientthancryoconservationorcombined insituandcryoconservation.Theaverageannualdiscountedconservationcostforabreedcan be as low as US$ 1000 to US$4400 depending on the design of the conservation program andtheeconomicsituationofthecountryofconservation. Thechoiceofthebreedsandthe optimal conservation program and the amount of money allocated to each breed depend on manyfactorssuchastheamountoffundsavailable,theconservationpotentialofeachbreed, thee?ectsoftheconservationprogramaswellasitscost.WithMioUS$1,64%ofthepresent diversitycouldbemaintainedover50years,whichis13%morethanwouldbemaintainedifno conservationmeasureswereimplemented.Specialtraitscouldbeconservedwitharathersmall amountofthetotalfunds.Diversitycannotbeconservedcompletely,notevenwithunlimited funds. A maximum of 92% of the present diversity could be conser