Overview of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors New Approaches to Detect the Expression of Life 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 3122-3148; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Overview of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors: New Approaches to Detect the Expression of Life Stefano Cagnin 1, Marcelo Caraballo 2, Carlotta Guiducci 3,4, Paolo Martini 1, Marty Ross 2, Mark SantaAna 2, David Danley 2, Todd West 2 and Gerolamo Lanfranchi 1,* 1 CRIBI Biotechnology Centre and Department of Biology, University of Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova, Italy; E-Mails: stefanoc@cribi.unipd.it; paolom@cribi.unipd.it 2 CombiMatrix Corporation, 6500 Harbour Heights Pkwy, 301, Mukilteo, WA 98275, USA; E-Mails: mcaraballo@; mross@; msantaana@; ddanley@; twest@ 3 DEIS Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informatica e Sistemistica, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy; E-Mail: carlotta.guiducci@epfl.ch 4 IBI-EPFL, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Station 15 CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: gerolamo.lanfranchi@unipd.it; Tel.: +390498276221; Fax: +390498276159 Received: 18 March 2009; in revised form: 20 April 2009 / Accepted: 23 April 2009 / Published: 24 April 2009 Abstract: DNA microarrays are an important tool with a variety of applications in gene expression studies, genotyping, pharmacogenomics, pathogen classification, drug discovery, sequencing and molecular diagnostics. They are having a strong impact in medical diagnostics for cancer, toxicology and infectious disease applications. A series of papers have been published describing DNA biochips as alternative to conventional microarray platforms to facilitate and ameliorate the signal readout. In this review, we will consider the different methods proposed for biochip construction, focusing on electrochemical detection of DNA. We also introduce a novel single-stranded DNA plat