Pharmacological and Biological Antiviral Therapeutics for Cardiac Coxsackievirus Infections 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2011, 16, 8475-8503; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Pharmacological and Biological Antiviral Therapeutics for Cardiac Coxsackievirus Infections Henry Fechner 1,*, Sandra Pinkert 1, Anja Geisler 2, Wolfgang Poller 2 and Jens Kurreck 1 1 Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universit?t Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: sandra.pinkert@charite.de (S.P.); jens.kurreck@tu-berlin.de (J.K.) 2 Department of Cardiology Pneumology, Charité – Universit?tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany; E-Mails: anja.geisler@charite.de (A.G.); wolfgang.poller@charite (W.P.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: henry.fechner@tu-berlin.de; Tel.: +49-30 Fax: +49-30 Received: 25 August 2011; in revised form: 29 September 2011 / Accepted: 30 September 2011 / Published: 11 October 2011 Abstract: Subtype B coxsackieviruses (CVB) represent the most commonly identified infectious agents associated with acute and chronic myocarditis, with CVB3 being the most common variant. Damage to the heart is induced both directly by virally mediated cell destruction and indirectly due to the immune and autoimmune processes reacting to virus infection. This review addresses antiviral therapeutics for cardiac coxsackievirus infections discovered over the last 25 years. One group represents pharmacologically active low molecular weight substances that inhibit virus uptake by binding to the virus capsid (e.g., pleconaril) or inactivate viral proteins (e.g., NO-metoprolol and ribavirin) or inhibit cellular proteins which are essential for viral replication (e.g., ubiquitination inhibitors). A second important group of substances are interferons. They have antiviral but also immunomodulating activities. The