Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter 英文参考文献.doc

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Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter 英文参考文献

Goepeletal.BMCPediatrics2011,11:116 /1471-2431/11/116 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Pro-andantisaccadesinchildrenelicitedby visualandacoustictargets-doesmodality matter? JohannaGoepel1*?,StefanieCBiehl2,JohannaKissler1,3 andIsabellaPaul-Jordanov1? Abstract Background:Childrenareabletoinhibitaprepotentreactiontosuddenlyarisingvisualstimuli,althoughthisskill isnotyetaspronouncedasitisinadulthood.However,uptonowtheinhibitionmechanismtoacousticstimuli hasbeenscarcelyinvestigated Methods:Reflexive(prosaccade)andinhibitory(antisaccade)responsestovisualandacoustictargetswere examinedwithaneyetrackersystemin31childrenbetweensevenandtwelveyearsofageusingagap-overlap taskandtwotargeteccentricities. Results:Acousticallycuedsaccadeshadlongerreactiontimesthanvisuallycuedsaccades.Agapeffect(i.e., shorterreactiontimeinthegapthantheoverlapcondition)wasonlyfoundforvisuallyelicitedsaccades,whereas aneccentricityeffect(i.e.,fastersaccadestomorelaterallypresentedtargets-12°vs.6°orrather90°vs.45°)was onlypresentintheacousticcondition.Longerreactiontimesofantisaccadescomparedtoprosaccadeswere foundonlyinthevisualtask.Acrossbothtasksthetypicalpatternofelevatederrorratesintheantisaccade conditionwasfound.Antisaccadeerrorsdeclinedwithage,indicatinganongoingdevelopmentofinhibitory functions. Conclusions:Thepresentresultslaythegroundforfurtherstudiesofacousticallytriggeredsaccadesintypicallyas wellasatypicallydevelopingchildrenanditmightthusbepossibletoupgradephysiologicaldiagnostictools. Background a visual target and to look at its mirror position in the It is a reflex-like feature of human behaviour to look opposite visual field instead. As antisaccades require towardssuddenchangesinourvisualfield.Thisenables activeinhibitionofanalreadyinitiatedmotorresponse, us to respond adequately to changes in our environ- more direction errors are made and SRTs are longer ment. Scientifically, this reflexive behaviour is studied comparedtoprosaccadetasks[3-8].Thetimingbetween withprosaccade