Quantifying Recent Ecological Changes in Remote Lakes of North America and Greenland Using Sediment Diatom Assemblages 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantifying Recent Ecological Changes in Remote Lakes of North America and Greenland Using Sediment Diatom Assemblages 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantifying Recent Ecological Changes in Remote Lakes of North America and Greenland Using Sediment Diatom Assemblages 英文参考文献

QuantifyingRecentEcologicalChangesinRemoteLakes ofNorthAmericaandGreenlandUsingSedimentDiatom Assemblages WilliamO.Hobbs1¤,RichardJ.Telford2,3,H.JohnB.Birks2,3,4,JasmineE.Saros5,RoderickR.O. Hazewinkel6,BiancaB.Perren7,Emilie′ Saulnier-Talbot8,AlexanderP.Wolfe1* 1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 2Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 3Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, 4Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 5School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States of America, 6Alberta Environment, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 7Department of Geology, UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada,8DepartmentofBiology,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Quebec,Canada Abstract Background: Although arctic lakes have responded sensitively to 20th-century climate change, it remains uncertain how these ecological transformations compare with alpine and montane-boreal counterparts over the same interval. Furthermore, it is unclear to what degree other forcings, including atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen(Nr),haveparticipatedinrecentregimeshifts.Diatom-basedpaleolimnologicalsynthesesofferaneffectivetoolfor retrospectiveassessmentsofpastandongoingchangesinremotelakeecosystems. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wesynthesized52datedsedimentdiatomrecordsfromlakesinwesternNorthAmerica andwestGreenland,spanningbroadlatitudinalandaltitudinalgradients,andrepresentingalpine(n=15),arctic(n =20), andforestedboreal-montane(n=17)ecosystems.Diatomcompositionalturnover(b-diversity)duringthe20thcenturywas estimated using Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis (DCCA) for each site and compared, for cores with sufficientlyrobustchronologies,toboththe19thcenturyandtheprior,250years(LittleIceAge).Forbotharcticandalpine lakes, b-diversity during the 20th century is significantly greater than the previous