Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Density in Rodents Using Digital Image Analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Density in Rodents Using Digital Image Analysis 英文参考文献.doc

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Quantitative Assessment of Mammary Gland Density in Rodents Using Digital Image Analysis 英文参考文献

McGinleyandThompsonBiologicalProceduresOnline2011,13:4 /content/13/1/4 Biological Procedures Online RESEARCH OpenAccess QuantitativeAssessmentofMammaryGland DensityinRodentsUsingDigitalImageAnalysis JohnNMcGinleyandHenryJThompson* Abstract Background:Rodentmodelshavebeenusedextensivelytostudymammaryglanddevelopmentandforstudies oftoxicologyandcarcinogenesis.Mammaryglandgrossmorphologycanvisualizedviatheexcisionofintact mammaryglandchainsfollowingfixationandstainingwithcarmineusingatissuepreparationreferredtoasa wholemount.Methodsaredescribedfortheautomatedcollectionofdigitalimagesfromanentiremammary glandwholemountandfortheinterrogationofdigitaldatausinga“masking”techniqueavailablewithImage- Pro? plusimageanalysissoftware(Mediacybernetics.SilverSpring,MD). Results:Paralleltomammographicanalysisinhumans,measurementsofrodentmammaryglanddensitywere derivedfromarea-basedorvolume-basedalgorithmsandincluded:totalcircumscribedmammaryfatpadmass, mammaryepithelialmass,andepithelium-freefatpadmass.Thesevaluespermittedestimationofabsolutemassof mammaryepitheliumaswellasbreastdensity.Thebiologicalplausibilityofthesemeasurementswasevaluatedin mammarywholemountsfromratsandmice.Duringmammaryglanddevelopment,absoluteepithelialmass increasedlinearlywithoutsignificantchangesinmammographicdensity.Treatmentofrodentswithtamoxifen,9- cis-retinoicacid,orovariectomy,andoccurrenceofdietinducedobesitydecreasedbothabsoluteepithelialmass andmammographicdensity.Theareaandvolumetricmethodsgavesimilarresults. Conclusions:Digitalimageanalysiscanbeusedforscreeningagentsforpotentialimpactonreproductivetoxicity orcarcinogenesisaswellasformechanisticstudies,particularlyforcumulativeeffectsonmammaryepithelialmass aswellastranslationalstudiesofmechanismsthatexplaintherelationshipbetweenepithelialmassandcancerrisk. Background mammary glands excised as a mammary gland chain. Rodent models have been used extensively to study Whilethemammaryglandsofrodentsoccursymmetri- mammary gland development and for