Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years a systematic review 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years a systematic review 英文参考文献.doc

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Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years a systematic review 英文参考文献

BMC Pediatrics BioMedCentral Research article Open Access Rapid tests and urine sampling techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children under five years: a systematic review Penny Whiting1, Marie Westwood*2, Ian Watt3, Julie Cooper4 and Jos Kleijnen2 Address: 1MRC Health Services Research Collaboration, University of Bristol, England, UK, 2Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, England, UK, 3Department of Health Sciences, University of York, England, UK and 4Department of Radiology, York District Hospital, England, UK Email: Penny Whiting - penny.whiting@bristol.ac.uk; Marie Westwood* - mew3@york.ac.uk; Ian Watt - isw1@york.ac.uk; Julie Cooper - Julie.Cooper@york.nhs.uk; Jos Kleijnen - jk13@york.ac.uk * Corresponding author Published: 05 April 2005 Received: 05 October 2004 Accepted: 05 April 2005 BMC Pediatrics 2005, 5:4 doi:10.1186/1471-2431-5-4 This article is available from: /1471-2431/5/4 ? 2005 Whiting et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common sources of infection in children under five. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the risk of renal scarring. Rapid, cost-effective, methods of UTI diagnosis are required as an alternative to culture. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine the diagnostic accuracy of rapid tests for detecting UTI in children under five years of age. Results: The evidence supports the use of dipstick positive for both leukocyte esterase and nitrite (pooled LR+ = 28.2, 95% CI: 17.3, 46.0) or microscopy positive for both pyuria and bacteriuria (pooled LR+ = 37.0, 95% CI: 11.0, 125.9) to rule in UTI. Sim