Re-Emergence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Central Africa 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Re-Emergence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Central Africa 英文参考文献.doc

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Re-Emergence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Central Africa 英文参考文献

Re-EmergenceofCrimean-CongoHemorrhagicFever VirusinCentralAfrica GildaGrard1*,JanFelixDrexler2,JosephFair3,Jean-JacquesMuyembe4,NathanD.Wolfe3,5 ,Christian Drosten2,EricM.Leroy1,6 1Centre International de RecherchesMe′dicales deFranceville (CIRMF),Franceville, Gabon, 2Institute ofVirology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany, 3GlobalViralForecasting,SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4InstitutNationaldeRechercheBiome′dicale, Kinshasa,DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo, 5DepartmentofEpidemiology,SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityofCaliforniaLosAngeles,LosAngeles,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6InstitutdeRecherche pourleDe′veloppement (IRD),UMR224(MIVEGEC),IRD/CNRS/UM1,Montpellier,France Abstract Background:Crimean-Congohemorrhagicfever(CCHF)isaseveretick-bornediseasewellrecognizedthroughEuropeand Asiawherediagnostictestsandmedicalsurveillanceareavailable.However,itislargelyneglectedinAfrica,especiallyinthe tropicalrainforestofCentralAfricawhereonlysporadichumancaseshavebeenreportedanddatebacktomorethan30 years. We describe here an isolated human case that occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2008 and performedphylogeneticanalysistoinvestigatewhetheritresultedfromaregionalre-emergenceorfromtheintroduction ofanovelvirusinthearea. Methods and Findings: Near complete segment S and partial segment M sequences were characterized. Bayesian phylogeneticanalysisanddatationwereperformedtoinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenthisnewstrainandviralstrains fromAfrica,EuropeandAsia.Thenewstrainisphylogeneticallyclosetothepreviouslydescribedregionalgenotype(II)that appearstobespecifictoCentralAfrica.PhylogeneticdiscrepancybetweensegmentSandMsuggestedgeneticexchange amonglocalsublineages,whichwasdatedbackto130–590yearsbeforepresent. Conclusions:ThephylogeneticanalysespresentedheresuggestongoingCCHFviruscirculationinCentralAfricaforalong time despite the absence of reported human cases. Many infections have most probably been overlooked, due to the