Re-Patterning Sleep Architecture in Drosophila through Gustatory Perception and Nutritional Quality 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Re-Patterning Sleep Architecture in Drosophila through Gustatory Perception and Nutritional Quality 英文参考文献.doc

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Re-Patterning Sleep Architecture in Drosophila through Gustatory Perception and Nutritional Quality 英文参考文献

Re-PatterningSleepArchitectureinDrosophilathrough GustatoryPerceptionandNutritionalQuality NancyJ.Linford1*,TammyP.Chan1,2,ScottD.Pletcher1,2 1DepartmentofMolecularandIntegrativePhysiology,GeriatricsCenterandNathanShockCenterofExcellenceintheBasicBiologyofAging,UniversityofMichigan,Ann Arbor,Michigan,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofHumanandMolecularGenetics,HuffingtonCenteronAgingandDevelopmentalBiologyProgram,Baylor CollegeofMedicine,Houston,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Organismsperceivechangesintheirdietaryenvironmentandenactasuiteofbehavioralandmetabolicadaptationsthat canimpactmotivationalbehavior,diseaseresistance,andlongevity.However,theprecisenatureandmechanismofthese dietaryresponsesisnotknown.WehaveuncoveredanovellinkbetweendietaryfactorsandsleepbehaviorinDrosophila melanogaster.Dietarysugarrapidlyalteredsleepbehaviorbymodulatingthenumberofsleepepisodesduringboththe lightanddarkphaseofthecircadianperiod,independentofanintactcircadianrhythmandwithoutaffectingtotalsleep, latencytosleep,orwakingactivity.Theeffectofsugaronsleepepisodenumberwasconsistentwithachangeinarousal thresholdforwaking.Dietaryproteinhadnosignificanteffectonsleeporwakefulness.Gustatoryperceptionofsugarwas necessary and sufficient to increase the number of sleep episodes, and this effect was blocked by activation of bitter- sensing neurons. Further addition of sugar to the diet blocked the effects of sweet gustatory perception through a gustatory-independent mechanism. However, gustatory perception was not required for diet-induced fat accumulation, indicating that sleep and energy storage are mechanistically separable. We propose a two-component model where gustatory and metabolic cues interact toregulate sleep architecture in response to the quantityof sugar available from dietarysources.Reducedarousalthresholdinresponsetolowdietaryavailabilitymayhaveevolvedtoprovideincreased responsiveness to cues associated with alternative nutrient-dense feeding sites. These results provid