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Recent Developments in Yeast Aging 英文参考文献
Review
RecentDevelopmentsinYeastAging
Matt Kaeberlein*, Christopher R.Burtner, Brian K.Kennedy*
ABSTRACT
informationregulator2(Sir2)familyofproteindeacetylases
(sirtuins).Aroleforsirtuinsinlongevitydeterminationwas
?rstsuggestedfromworkshowingthatdeletionofSIR2
shortensreplicativelifespan[18],whileoverexpression
increasesreplicativelifespan[19].Sir2orthologshavesince
beenreportedtoplayasimilarroleindeterminingthe
longevityofbothwormsand?ies[20,21].
Inyeast,bothoverexpressionofSIR2anddeletionofFOB1
represshomologousrecombinationatrDNArepeats.
RecombinationofrDNAresultsintheaccumulationof
extrachromosomalrDNAcircles,whichcanleadto
I
nthelastdecade,researchintothemolecular
determinantsofaginghasprogressedrapidlyandmuch
ofthisprogresscanbeattributedtostudiesin
invertebrateeukaryoticmodelorganisms.Ofthese,single-
celledyeastistheleastcomplicatedandmostamenableto
geneticandmolecularmanipulations.Supportingtheuseof
thisorganismforagingresearch,increasingevidencehas
accumulatedthatasubsetofpathwaysin?uencinglongevity
inyeastareconservedinothereukaryotes,including
mammals.Herewebrie?youtlineaginginyeastanddescribe
recent?ndingsthatcontinuetokeepthis‘‘simple’’eukaryote
attheforefrontofagingresearch.
replicativesenescence[22].Whileitwasinitiallyproposed
thatDRincreasesRLSinyeastbyactivatingtheSir2enzyme
[11],thismodelhasbeenchallengedbyaseriesofrecent
studiesdemonstratingthatDRcanincreaseRLSbyaSIR2-
independentmechanism[23–25].AlthoughDRfailsto
increaseRLSinasir2Dmutant,DRrobustlyincreasestheRLS
ofsir2Dfob1Ddoublemutantcells,demonstratingthatSir2is
notrequiredforlifespanextensionbyDR[24].Itremains
controversialwhethertheSir2orthologHst2couldmediate
RLSextensionbyDRinyeastunderspeci?cDRconditions
whenSir2isabsent[26,27];however,recent?ndingsindicate
thatDRcanincreaseRLSthroughamechanismthatis
independentofallyeastsirtuins[28].Argumentsregarding
therelevanceofSir2inDRhavebeencoveredingreater
detailinrecentreviewsandcommentaries,andwereferthe
interestedreadertothesesources[29–3
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