Reporter Proteins in Whole-Cell Optical Bioreporter Detection Systems, Biosensor Integrations, and Biosensing Applications 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 9147-9174; doi:10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review Reporter Proteins in Whole-Cell Optical Bioreporter Detection Systems, Biosensor Integrations, and Biosensing Applications Dan M. Close, Steven Ripp and Gary S. Sayler * The University of Tennessee, The Center for Environmental Biotechnology, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA; E-Mails: dclose@ (D.C.); saripp@ (S.R.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: sayler@; Tel.: +1-865-974-8080; Fax: +1-865-974-8086. Received: 18 September 2009; in revised form: 14 October 2009 / Accepted: 23 October 2009 / Published: 17 November 2009 Abstract: Whole-cell, genetically modified bioreporters are designed to emit detectable signals in response to a target analyte or related group of analytes. When integrated with a transducer capable of measuring those signals, a biosensor results that acts as a self-contained analytical system useful in basic and applied environmental, medical, pharmacological, and agricultural sciences. Historically, these devices have focused on signaling proteins such as green fluorescent protein, aequorin, firefly luciferase, and/or bacterial luciferase. The biochemistry and genetic development of these sensor systems as well as the advantages, challenges, and common applications of each one will be discussed. Keywords: aequorin; bacterial luciferase (Lux); bioreporter; biosensor; firefly luciferase (Luc); green fluorescent protein (GFP) 1. Introduction A biosensor consists of a biological recognition element that outputs a signal to an interfaced transducer capable of monitoring and measuring that signal. Biorecognition elements typically take the form of an enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid fragment, organelle, or a living prokaryotic or eukaryotic bioreporter cell, while the transducer classically exploits electrochemical, optical, piezo