Retrieving Forest Inventory Variables with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in Urban Heterogeneous Forest 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Retrieving Forest Inventory Variables with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in Urban Heterogeneous Forest 英文参考文献.doc

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Retrieving Forest Inventory Variables with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in Urban Heterogeneous Forest 英文参考文献

Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 1-20; doi:10.3390/rs4010001 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Retrieving Forest Inventory Variables with Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in Urban Heterogeneous Forest L. Monika Moskal 1,* and Guang Zheng 2 1 Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis Laboratory, Precision Forestry Cooperative, School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2 International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mail: guangz@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: lmmoskal@; Tel.: +1-206-221-6391; Fax: +1-206-685-3091. Received: 8 November 2011; in revised form: 19 December 2011 / Accepted: 21 December 2011 / Published: 23 December 2011 Abstract: We present the point cloud slicing (PCS) algorithm, to post process point cloud data (PCD) from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). We then test this tool for forest inventory application in urban heterogeneous forests. The methodology was based on a voxel data structure derived from TLS PCD. We retrieved biophysical tree parameters including diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, basal area, and volume. Our results showed that TLS-based metrics explained 91.17% (RMSE = 9.1739 cm, p 0.001) of the variation in DBH at individual tree level. Though the scanner generated a high-density PCD, only 57.27% (RMSE = 0.7543 m, p 0.001) accuracy was achieved for predicting tree heights in these very heterogeneous stands. Furthermore, we developed a voxel-based TLS volume estimation method. Our results showed that PCD generated from TLS single location scans only captures 18% of the total tree volume due to an occlusion effect; yet there are significant relationships between the TLS data and field measured parameters for DBH and height, giving promise to the utility of a side scanning approach. Us