Revealing the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic Alertness Using fMRI Methodological Peculiarities 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Revealing the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic Alertness Using fMRI Methodological Peculiarities 英文参考文献.doc

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Revealing the Functional Neuroanatomy of Intrinsic Alertness Using fMRI Methodological Peculiarities 英文参考文献

RevealingtheFunctionalNeuroanatomyofIntrinsic AlertnessUsingfMRI:MethodologicalPeculiarities BenjaminClemens1,2*,MikhailZvyagintsev2,AlexanderSack3,ArminHeinecke3,KlausWillmes1,2, WalterSturm4 1NeurologicalClinic,SectionNeuropsychology,UniversityHospitalRWTHAachen,Aachen,Germany,2InterdisciplinaryCentreforClinicalResearch–Neurofunctional Imaging Lab, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, 3Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University,Maastricht,TheNetherlands,4NeurologicalClinic,ClinicalNeuropsychology,UniversityHospitalRWTHAachen,Aachen,Germany Abstract Clinical observations and neuroimaging data revealed a right-hemisphere fronto-parietal-thalamic-brainstem network for intrinsicalertness,andadditionalleftfronto-parietalactivityduringphasicalertness.TheprimaryobjectiveofthisfMRIstudy wastomapthefunctionalneuroanatomyofintrinsicalertnessaspreciselyaspossibleinhealthyparticipants,usinganovel assessmentparadigmalreadyemployedinclinicalsettings.Boththeparadigmandtheexperimentaldesignwereoptimized tospecificallyassessintrinsicalertness,whileatthesametimecontrollingforsensory-motorprocessing.Thepresentresults suggest that the processing of intrinsic alertness is accompanied by increased activity within the brainstem, thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, right insula, and right parietal cortex. Additionally, we found increased activation in the left hemisphere around the middle frontal gyrus (BA 9), the insula, the supplementary motor area, and the cerebellum. Our resultsfurthersuggestthatratherminuteaspectsoftheexperimentaldesignmayinduceaspectsofphasicalertness,which inturnmightleadtoadditionalbrainactivationinleft-frontalareasnotnormallyinvolvedinintrinsicalertness.Accordingly, leftBA9activationmayberelatedtoco-activationofthephasicalertnessnetworkduetotheswitchbetweenrestandtask conditionsfunctioningasanexternalwarningcuetriggeringthephasicalertnessnetwork.Furthermore,activationofthe intrinsicalertness