Rheumatoid cachexia a complication of rheumatoid arthritis moves into the 21st century 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/11/2/108 Editorial Rheumatoid cachexia: a complication of rheumatoid arthritis moves into the 21st century Ronenn Roubenoff1,2 1Immunology RD, Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA 2Tufts University and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA Corresponding author: Ronenn Roubenoff, Ronenn.roubenoff@ Published: 27 April 2009 Arthritis Research Therapy 2009, 11:108 (doi:10.1186/ar2658) This article is online at /content/11/2/108 ? 2009 BioMed Central Ltd See related research article by Elkan et al., /content/11/2/R37 Abstract among patients with RA is between 13% and 15% – approximately one-third of the maximum survivable loss of fat- free mass [6]. Loss of fat-free mass and higher fat mass are each associated with greater disability in RA [7], and low body weight (that is, both fat and fat-free tissue) in patients with RA is associated with threefold higher mortality [8]. Thus, rheumatoid cachexia may be an important contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality in RA. Rheumatoid cachexia, loss of muscle mass and strength and concomitant increase in fat mass, is very common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite great advances in the treatment of RA, it appears that rheumatoid cachexia persists even after joint inflammation improves. Rheumatoid cachexia may be an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and excess mortality in RA. In this issue of Arthritis Research Therapy, Elkan and colleagues demonstrate a link between rheumatoid cachexia and metabolic syndrome, further reinforcing the need for therapy directed beyond inflammation and at the metabolic consequences of RA. A number of factors are likely involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid cachexia, including ‘sarcoactive’ cytokines, This issue of Arthritis Research Therapy includes an important article on rheumatoid cachexia