Root waving and skewing - unexpectedly in micro-g 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Root waving and skewing - unexpectedly in micro-g 英文参考文献.doc

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Root waving and skewing - unexpectedly in micro-g 英文参考文献

RouxBMCPlantBiology2012,12:231 /1471-2229/12/231 COMMENTARY OpenAccess Rootwavingandskewing-unexpectedlyin micro-g StanleyJRoux Abstract Gravityhasmajoreffectsonboththeformandoveralllengthofrootgrowth.Numerouspapershavedocumented theseeffects(over300publicationsinthelast5years),themostwell-studiedbeinggravitropism,whichisagrowth re-orientationdirectedbygravitytowardtheearth’scenter.Lessstudiedeffectsofgravityareundulationsdueto theregularperiodicchangeinthedirectionroottipsgrow,calledwaving,andtheslantedangleofgrowthroots exhibitwhentheyaregrowingalonganearly-verticalsurface,calledskewing.Althoughdiversestudieshaveledto theconclusionthatagravitystimulusisneededforplantrootstoshowwavingandskewing,thenovelresultsjust publishedbyPauletal.(2012)revealthatthisconclusionisnotcorrect.Instudiescarriedoutinmicrogravityonthe InternationalSpaceStation,theauthorsusedanewimagingsystemtocollectdigitalphotographsofplantsevery sixhoursduring15daysofspaceflight.Theimagingsystemallowedthemtoobservehowrootsgrewwhentheir orientationwasdirectednotbygravitybutbyoverheadLEDlights,whichrootsgrewawayfrombecausetheyare negativelyphototropic.Surprisingly,theauthorsobservedbothskewingandwavinginspaceflightplants,thus demonstratingthatbothgrowthphenomenaweregravityindependent.Touchresponsesanddifferentialauxin transportwouldbecommonfeaturesofrootwavingandskewingat1-gandmicro-g,andthenovelresultsofPaul etal.willfocustheattentionofcellandmolecularbiologistsmoreonthesefeaturesastheytrytodecipherthe signalingpathwaysthatregulaterootskewingandwaving. Keywords:Arabidopsis,Auxin,Cytoskeleton,ExtracellularATP,Internationalspacestation,Roots Commentary digital photographs of plants every six hours during 15 In arecent paper published in BMCPlant Biology,Paul days of spaceflight. The novel imaging system allowed et al. [1] describe novel data that challenge a long-held theauthorstoobservethegrowthpatternofrootswhen hypothesis on how gravity affects patterns of root theirorientationwasdirectednotby