Scaling Effect of Area-Averaged NDVI Monotonicity along the Spatial Resolution 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Scaling Effect of Area-Averaged NDVI Monotonicity along the Spatial Resolution 英文参考文献.doc

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Scaling Effect of Area-Averaged NDVI Monotonicity along the Spatial Resolution 英文参考文献

RemoteSens.2012,4,160-179;doi:10.3390/rs4010160 OPENACCESS RemoteSensing ISSN2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article ScalingEffectofArea-AveragedNDVI:Monotonicityalongthe SpatialResolution KentaObata 1,TakahiroWada 1,2,TomoakiMiura 3andHirokiYoshioka 1,? 1 2 3 DepartmentofInformationScienceandTechnology,AichiPrefecturalUniversity,1522-3Kumabari, Nagakute,Aichi480-1198,Japan;E-Mail:kenta.obata@cis.aichi-pu.ac.jp CORECorporation(Nagoya),8F,NOREFushimiBuild.,Nishiki,Naka-Ku,Nagoya,Aichi 440-0003,Japan;E-Mail:kerutorosu@yahoo.co.jp DepartmentofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofHawaiiatManoa, 1910EastWestRoad,Sherman101,Honolulu,HI96822,USA;E-Mail:tomoakim@ ? Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:yoshioka@ist.aichi-pu.ac.jp; Tel.:+81-561-64-1111. Received:2December2011;inrevisedform:4January2012/Accepted:5January2012/ Published:10January2012 Abstract: Changesinthespatialdistributionsofvegetationacrosstheglobeareroutinely monitored by satellite remote sensing, in which the re?ectance spectra over land surface areas are measured with spatial and temporal resolutions that depend on the satellite instrumentation. The use of multiple synchronized satellite sensors permits long-term monitoringwithhighspatialandtemporalresolutions. However,differencesinthespatial resolutionofimagescollectedbydifferentsensorscanintroducesystematicbiases,called scaling effects, into the biophysical retrievals. This study investigates the mechanism by which the scaling effects distort normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). This studyfocusedonthemonotonicityofthearea-averagedNDVIasafunctionofthespatial resolution. A monotonic relationship was proved analytically by using the resolution transformmodelproposedinthisstudyincombinationwithatwo-endmemberlinearmixture model.Themonotonicityallowedtheinherentuncertaintiesintroducedbythescalingeffects (errorbounds)tobeexplicitlydeterminedbyaveragingtheretrievalsattheextremaofthe resolutions. Error bounds