Scale-Dependent Effects of a Heterogeneous Landscape on Genetic Differentiation in the Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) 英文参考文献.docVIP

Scale-DependentEffectsofaHeterogeneousLandscape onGeneticDifferentiationintheCentralAmerican SquirrelMonkey(Saimirioerstedii) MaryE.Blair1,2*,DonJ.Melnick1,2 1Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America, 2New York Consortium in EvolutionaryPrimatology,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Landscape genetic studies offer a fine-scale understanding of how habitat heterogeneity influences population genetic structure. We examined population genetic structure and conducted a landscape genetic analysis for the endangered CentralAmericanSquirrelMonkey(Saimirioerstedii)thatlivesinthefragmented,human-modifiedhabitatsoftheCentral PacificregionofCostaRica.Weanalyzednon-invasivelycollectedfecalsamplesfrom244individualsfrom14groupsfor16 microsatellitemarkers.WefoundtwogeographicallyseparategeneticclustersintheCentralPacificregionwithevidenceof recentgeneflowamongthem.WealsofoundsignificantdifferentiationamonggroupsofS.o.citrinellususingpairwiseFST comparisons.Thesegroupsareinfragmentsofsecondaryforestseparatedbyunsuitable‘‘matrix’’habitatssuchascattle pasture, commercial African oil palm plantations, and human residential areas. We used an individual-based landscape geneticapproachtomeasurespatialpatternsofgeneticvariancewhiletakingintoaccountlandscapeheterogeneity.We foundthatlarge,commercialoilpalmplantationsrepresentmoderatebarrierstogeneflowbetweenpopulations,butcattle pastures, rivers, and residential areas do not. However, the influence of oil palm plantations on genetic variance was diminished when we restricted analyses to within population pairs, suggesting that their effect is scale-dependent and manifestsduringlongerdispersaleventsamongpopulations.Weshowthatwhenlandscapegeneticmethodsareapplied rigorously and at the right scale, they are sensitive enough to track population processes even in species with long, overlappinggenerationssuchasprimates.Thuslandscapegeneticapproache