Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks 英文参考文献.doc

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Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks 英文参考文献

SeasonalandOntogeneticChangesinMovement PatternsofSixgillSharks KellyS.Andrews*,GregD.Williams,PhillipS.Levin NorthwestFisheriesScienceCenter,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Understanding movement patterns is fundamental to population and conservation biology. The way an animalmovesthroughitsenvironmentinfluencesthedynamicsoflocalpopulationsandwilldeterminehowsusceptibleit istonaturaloranthropogenicperturbations.Itisofparticularinteresttounderstandthepatternsofmovementforspecies which are susceptible to human activities (e.g. fishing), or that exert a large influence on community structure, such as sharks. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wemonitoredthepatternsofmovementof34sixgillsharksHexanchusgriseususingtwo large-scaleacousticarraysinsideandoutsidePugetSound,Washington,USA.SixgillsharkswereresidentsinPugetSound foruptoatleastfouryearsbeforemakinglargemovementsoutoftheestuary.WithinPugetSound,sixgillsinhabitedsites for several weeks at a time and returned to the same sites annually. Across four years, sixgills had consistent seasonal movementsinwhichtheymovedtothenorthfromwintertospringandmovedtothesouthfromsummertofall.Justprior to leaving Puget Sound, sixgills altered their behavior and moved twice as fast among sites. Nineteen of the thirty-four sixgillsweredetectedleavingPugetSoundfortheoutercoast.ThreeofthesesharksreturnedtoPugetSound. Conclusions/Significance:Formostlargemarinepredators,wehavealimitedunderstandingofhowtheymovethrough theirenvironment,andthiscloudsourabilitytosuccessfullymanagetheirpopulationsandtheircommunities.Withdetailed movementinformation,suchasthatbeinguncoveredwithacousticmonitoring,wecanbegintoquantifythespatialand temporalimpactsoflargepredatorswithintheframeworkoftheirecosystems. Citation: Andrews KS, Williams GD, Levin PS (2010) Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks. PLoS ONE 5(9): e12549. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012549 Edit