Security and Privacy Qualities of Medical Devices An Analysis of FDA Postmarket Surveillance 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Security and Privacy Qualities of Medical Devices An Analysis of FDA Postmarket Surveillance 英文参考文献
SecurityandPrivacyQualitiesofMedicalDevices:An
AnalysisofFDAPostmarketSurveillance
DanielB.Kramer1*,MatthewBaker1,BenjaminRansford2,AndresMolina-Markham2,QuinnStewart2,
KevinFu2,MatthewR.Reynolds1
1DepartmentofMedicine,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofComputer
Science,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Background:MedicaldevicesincreasinglydependoncomputingfunctionssuchaswirelesscommunicationandInternet
connectivity for software-based control of therapies and network-based transmission of patients’ stored medical
information.Thesecomputingcapabilitiesintroducesecurityandprivacyrisks,yetlittleisknownabouttheprevalenceof
suchriskswithintheclinicalsetting.
Methods: We used three comprehensive, publicly available databases maintained by the Food and Drug Administration
(FDA)toevaluaterecallsandadverseeventsrelatedtosecurityandprivacyrisksofmedicaldevices.
Results:Reviewofweeklyenforcementreportsidentified1,845recalls;605(32.8%)oftheseincludedcomputers,35(1.9%)
storedpatientdata,and31(1.7%)werecapableofwirelesscommunication.Searchesofdatabasesspecifictorecallsand
adverse events identified only one event with a specific connection to security or privacy. Software-related recalls were
relativelycommon,andmost(81.8%)mentionedthepossibilityofupgrades,thoughonlyhalfoftheseprovidedspecific
instructionsfortheupdatemechanism.
Conclusions: Our review of recalls and adverse events from federal government databases reveals sharp inconsistencies
withdatabasesatindividualproviderswithrespecttosecurityandprivacyrisks.Recallsrelatedtosoftwaremayincrease
security risks because of unprotected update and correction mechanisms. To detect signals of security and privacy
problemsthatadverselyaffectpublichealth,federalpostmarketsurveillancestrategiesshouldrethinkhowtoeffectively
andefficiently collectdata onsecurity andprivacy problems indevices thatincreasingly depend o
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