Security and Privacy Qualities of Medical Devices An Analysis of FDA Postmarket Surveillance 英文参考文献.docVIP

Security and Privacy Qualities of Medical Devices An Analysis of FDA Postmarket Surveillance 英文参考文献.doc

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Security and Privacy Qualities of Medical Devices An Analysis of FDA Postmarket Surveillance 英文参考文献

SecurityandPrivacyQualitiesofMedicalDevices:An AnalysisofFDAPostmarketSurveillance DanielB.Kramer1*,MatthewBaker1,BenjaminRansford2,AndresMolina-Markham2,QuinnStewart2, KevinFu2,MatthewR.Reynolds1 1DepartmentofMedicine,BethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenter,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofComputer Science,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:MedicaldevicesincreasinglydependoncomputingfunctionssuchaswirelesscommunicationandInternet connectivity for software-based control of therapies and network-based transmission of patients’ stored medical information.Thesecomputingcapabilitiesintroducesecurityandprivacyrisks,yetlittleisknownabouttheprevalenceof suchriskswithintheclinicalsetting. Methods: We used three comprehensive, publicly available databases maintained by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)toevaluaterecallsandadverseeventsrelatedtosecurityandprivacyrisksofmedicaldevices. Results:Reviewofweeklyenforcementreportsidentified1,845recalls;605(32.8%)oftheseincludedcomputers,35(1.9%) storedpatientdata,and31(1.7%)werecapableofwirelesscommunication.Searchesofdatabasesspecifictorecallsand adverse events identified only one event with a specific connection to security or privacy. Software-related recalls were relativelycommon,andmost(81.8%)mentionedthepossibilityofupgrades,thoughonlyhalfoftheseprovidedspecific instructionsfortheupdatemechanism. Conclusions: Our review of recalls and adverse events from federal government databases reveals sharp inconsistencies withdatabasesatindividualproviderswithrespecttosecurityandprivacyrisks.Recallsrelatedtosoftwaremayincrease security risks because of unprotected update and correction mechanisms. To detect signals of security and privacy problemsthatadverselyaffectpublichealth,federalpostmarketsurveillancestrategiesshouldrethinkhowtoeffectively andefficiently collectdata onsecurity andprivacy problems indevices thatincreasingly depend o

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