Sensor Network Architectures for Monitoring Underwater Pipelines 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 10738-10764; doi:10.3390/s111110738 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Sensor Network Architectures for Monitoring Underwater Pipelines Nader Mohamed *, Imad Jawhar, Jameela Al-Jaroodi and Liren Zhang Faculty of Information Technology, P.O. Box 17551, UAEU, Al Ain, UAE; E-Mails: ijawhar@uaeu.ac.ae (I.J.); jaljaroodi@ (J.A.-J.); lzhang@uaeu.ac.ae (L.Z.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: nader.m@uaeu.ac.ae; Tel.: +971-3-713-5519; Fax: +971-3-767-2018. Received: 29 September 2011; in revised form: 31 October 2011 / Accepted: 4 November 2011 / Published: 15 November 2011 Abstract: This paper develops and compares different sensor network architecture designs that can be used for monitoring underwater pipeline infrastructures. These architectures are underwater wired sensor networks, underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks, RF (Radio Frequency) wireless sensor networks, integrated wired/acoustic wireless sensor networks, and integrated wired/RF wireless sensor networks. The paper also discusses the reliability challenges and enhancement approaches for these network architectures. The reliability evaluation, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages among these architectures are discussed and compared. Three reliability factors are used for the discussion and comparison: the network connectivity, the continuity of power supply for the network, and the physical network security. In addition, the paper also develops and evaluates a hierarchical sensor network framework for underwater pipeline monitoring. Keywords: underwater pipelines monitoring; wireless sensor networks; underwater acoustic wireless sensor networks; reliable network architectures 1. Introduction With the increasing demand for energy and water in the World; petroleum, natural gas, and water resources and facilities have become import