Sex Ratio at Birth and Mortality Rates Are Negatively Related in Humans 英文参考文献.docVIP

SexRatioatBirthandMortalityRatesAreNegatively RelatedinHumans MadhukarShivajiraoDama* RuralVeterinaryDispensary,Rajola,Bidar,India Abstract Evolutionarytheorypositsthatresourceavailabilityandparentalinvestmentabilitycouldsignaloffspringsexselection,in ordertomaximizereproductivereturns.Non-humanstudieshaveprovidedevidenceforthisphenomenon,andmaternal conditionaroundthetimeofconceptionhasbeenidentifiedasmostimportantfactorthatinfluenceoffspringsexselection. However,studiesonhumanshavereportedinconsistentresults,mostlyduetouseofdisparatemeasuresasindicatorsof maternalcondition.Inthepresentstudy,thecross-culturaldifferencesinhumannatalsexratiowereanalyzedwithrespect toindirectmeasuresofconditionnamely,lifeexpectancyandmortalityrate.Multipleregressionmodelingsuggestedthat mortalityrateshavedistinctpredictivepowerindependentofcross-culturaldifferencesinfertility,wealthandlatitudethat were earlier shown to predict sexratio at birth. These findings suggest that sex ratio variation in humans may relate to differencesinparentalandenvironmentalconditions. Citation:DamaMS(2011)SexRatioatBirthandMortalityRatesAreNegativelyRelatedinHumans.PLoSONE6(8):e23792.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023792 Editor:RebeccaSear,DurhamUniversity,UnitedKingdom ReceivedDecember22,2010;AcceptedJuly26,2011;PublishedAugust24,2011 Copyright:?2011MadhukarShivajiraoDama.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Theauthorhasnosupportorfundingtoreport. CompetingInterests:Theauthorhasdeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:madhukar262@ Introduction studieshavereportedinconsistentfindings[11,12].Further,steady decline of natal sex ratio in some countries was linked to deteriorationofhealthduetoincreasedexposuretoenvironmental toxinsduringrecentdecades[13]. ‘‘Iformerlythoughtthatwhenatendencytoproducethetwosexesin equal numbers wasadv