SITHON A Wireless Network of in Situ Optical Cameras Applied to the Early Detection-Notification-Monitoring of Forest Fires 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2009, 9, 4465-4482; doi: 10.3390/OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article SITHON: A Wireless Network of in Situ Optical Cameras Applied to the Early Detection-Notification-Monitoring of Forest Fires Georgios Tsiourlis 1,*, Stamatis Andreadakis 2 and Pavlos Konstantinidis 1 1 Forest Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Foundation, 57006 Vassilika, Thessaloniki, Greece; E-Mail: pavkon@fri.gr 2 Telenet Wireless Communication Systems Ltd., Filellinon 25, 65302 Kavala, Greece; E-Mail: stand@telenetltd.gr * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: gmtsiou@fri.gr; Tel.: +30-2310- 461172; Fax: +30-2310-461341 Received: 14 April 2009; in revised form: 25 May 2009 / Accepted: 4 June 2009 / Published: 8 June 2009 Abstract: The SITHON system, a fully wireless optical imaging system, integrating a network of in-situ optical cameras linking to a multi-layer GIS database operated by Control Operating Centres, has been developed in response to the need for early detection, notification and monitoring of forest fires. This article presents in detail the architecture and the components of SITHON, and demonstrates the first encouraging results of an experimental test with small controlled fires over Sithonia Peninsula in Northern Greece. The system has already been scheduled to be installed in some fire prone areas of Greece. Keywords: forest fires; wireless network; optical camera; fire detection-notification- monitoring 1. Introduction Prevention, fighting and management of forest fires is perhaps the most important issue in contemporary forestry. The problem of forest fires has become of particular importance for Greece over the last decades, as increased fuel loads as a result of urbanisation and forest abandonment as well  Sensors 2009, 9 4466 as an increased number of forest visitors have led to a rising number of forest