Songs of Love, Orthoptera-Style 英文参考文献.docVIP

BookReview/ScienceintheMedia SongsofLove,Orthoptera-Style MichaelGreenfield* IRBI,CNRSUMR7162,Universite′ Franc?ois RabelaisdeTours,Tours,France OnavisittoBeijinganumberofyears ago for a meeting, I left the conference center at midday for a bit of unguided exploration and wandered the streets of one of the city’s commercial districts. In the midst of a fully paved and built-upon landscape, with not even the smallest garden in evidence, I heard what was unmistakably katydid (bushcricket) song. Summoning what remained of my ability to track high-frequency sound, a talent thathadservedmewellpreviouslyinfield work, I found the source: several singers, eachcagedindividuallyandproppedina storefront where they were alternately calling and feeding on small slices of melon.Ihad,ofcourse,readmuchabout the‘‘cricketculture’’thathaddevelopedin China over several millennia and seen accurate.Isay‘‘largely’’becausethereare a few points where a specialist could quibble, and where a better explanation couldhavebeengivenwhileretainingthe generalclarityofthebook. Studies of acoustic insects have occu- pied a central role in several topics in evolutionarybiology,notablytheinfluenc- esofnaturalandsexualselectiononmale and female behaviors during courtship and mating, and the processes by which populations diverge and potentially form separatespecies.Thesongsofcricketsand katydidsarelargelysignalsbywhichmales announce their location, species identity, gender, state of sexual development, and ‘‘quality’’tofemalesoftheirspecies.Some songs may also serve as close-range courtship signals that influence the final mating decisions of females that have arrived in the vicinity of a calling male, aswellasdeclarationsofphysicalstrength and ‘‘motivation’’ broadcast toward male rivals. While females in certain species answer male calls with their own ‘‘soft songs’’inthecontextofacourtshipdialo- gue, signaling is mostly a male preoccu- pation. Because loud, incessant calls can attract the a