Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2009, 14, 4284-4299; doi:10.3390/moleculeOPEN ACCESS molecules ISSN 1420-3049 /journal/molecules Review Sonoelectrochemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles Veronica Sáez * and Timothy J. Mason Sonochemistry Centre, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street CV1 5FB, Coventry, UK * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: veronica.bernal@coventry.ac.uk. Received: 30 September 2009; in revised form: 22 October 2009 / Accepted: 23 October 2009 / Published: 23 October 2009 Abstract: This article reviews the nanomaterials that have been prepared to date by pulsed sonoelectrochemistry. The majority of nanomaterials produced by this method are pure metals such as silver, palladium, platinum, zinc, nickel and gold, but more recently the syntheses have been extended to include the preparation of nanosized metallic alloys and metal oxide semiconductors. A major advantage of this methodology is that the shape and size of the nanoparticles can be adjusted by varying the operating parameters which include ultrasonic power, current density, deposition potential and the ultrasonic vs electrochemical pulse times. Together with these, it is also possible to adjust the pH, temperature and composition of the electrolyte in the sonoelectrochemistry cell. Keywords: electrodepostion; nanoparticles; sonoelectrochemistry; sonochemistry 1. Introduction Nanomaterials have broad applications in a variety of fields because of their unusual and size dependent optical, magnetic, electronic and chemical properties [1,2]. Nanoparticles are characterized by an extremely large surface to volume ratio, and their properties are determined mainly by the behaviour of their surface [3,4]. The applications of nanoparticles are well known in the fields of cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, coatings, electronics, polishing, semiconductors and