Somatic symptoms beyond those generally associated with a whiplash injury are increased in self-reported chronic whiplash. A population-based cross sectional study the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Somatic symptoms beyond those generally associated with a whiplash injury are increased in self-reported chronic whiplash. A population-based cross sectional study the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) 英文参考文献.doc

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Somatic symptoms beyond those generally associated with a whiplash injury are increased in self-reported chronic whiplash. A population-based cross sectional study the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) 英文参考文献

Myrtveitetal.BMCPsychiatry2012,12:129 /1471-244X/12/129 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Somaticsymptomsbeyondthosegenerally associatedwithawhiplashinjuryareincreasedin self-reportedchronicwhiplash.Apopulation- basedcrosssectionalstudy:theHordalandHealth Study(HUSK) Solbj?rgMakalaniMyrtveit1,2,JensChristofferSkogen3,HanneGroWenzel4andArnsteinMykletun2,3,5* Abstract Background:Chronicwhiplashleadstoconsiderablepatientsufferingandsubstantialsocietalcosts.Therearetwo competinghypothesisontheetiologyofchronicwhiplash.Thetraditionalorganichypothesisconsiderschronic whiplashandrelatedsymptomsaresultofaspecificinjury.Inoppositionisthehypothesisthatchronicwhiplashis afunctionalsomaticsyndrome,andrelatedsymptomsaresultofsociety-inducedexpectationsandamplificationof symptoms.Accordingtobothhypotheses,patientsreportingchronicwhiplashareexpectedtohavemoreneck pain,headacheandsymptomsofanxietyanddepressionthanthegeneralpopulation.Increasedprevalenceof somaticsymptomsbeyondthosedirectlyrelatedtoawhiplashneckinjuryislessinvestigated.Theaimofthisstudy wastotestanimplicationderivedfromthefunctionalhypothesis:Istheprevalenceofsomaticsymptomsasseenin somatizationdisorder,beyondsymptomsrelatedtoawhiplashneckinjury,increasedinindividualsself-reporting chronicwhiplash?Wefurtheraimedtoexplorerecallbiasbycomparingthesymptomprofiledisplayedby individualsself-reportingchronicwhiplashtothatamongthoseself-reportinganon-functionalinjury:fracturesof thehandorwrist.Weexploredsymptomload,etiologicorigincouldnotbeinvestigatedinthisstudy. Methods:DatafromtheNorwegianpopulation-based“HordalandHealthStudy”(HUSK,1997–99);N=13,986was employed.Chronicwhiplashwasself-reportedby403individualsandfracturesby1,746.Somatizationtendencywas measuredusingalistof17somaticsymptomsarisingfromdifferentbodypartsandorgansystems,derivedfrom theresearchcriteriaforsomatizationdisorder(ICD-10,F45). Results:Chronicwhiplashwasassociatedwithanincreasedlevelofall17somaticsymptomsinvestigated(p0.05). Theassociationwasmoderatelyst