Sonic Hedgehog Is a Chemoattractant for Midbrain Dopaminergic Axons 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Sonic Hedgehog Is a Chemoattractant for Midbrain Dopaminergic Axons 英文参考文献.doc

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Sonic Hedgehog Is a Chemoattractant for Midbrain Dopaminergic Axons 英文参考文献

SonicHedgehogIsaChemoattractantforMidbrain DopaminergicAxons RachelHammond1.,SandraBlaess2,3.,AsaAbeliovich1* 1DepartmentsofPathologyandNeurology,CenterforNeurobiologyandBehaviorandTaubInstitute,ColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeons,NewYork, New York, United States of America, 2Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America, 3Institute of ReconstructiveNeurobiology,LifeandBrainCenter,UniversityofBonn,Bonn,Germany Abstract Midbraindopaminergicaxonsprojectfromthesubstantianigra(SN)andtheventraltegmentalarea(VTA)torostraltarget tissues,includingthestriatum,pallidum,andhypothalamus.TheaxonsfromthemediallylocatedVTAprojectprimarilyto more medial target tissues in the forebrain, whereas the more lateral SN axons project to lateral targets including the dorsolateral striatum. This structural diversity underlies the distinct functions of these pathways. Although a number of guidancecueshavebeenimplicatedintheformationofthedistinctaxonalprojectionsoftheSNandVTA,themolecular basis of their diversity remains unclear. Here we investigate the molecular basis of structural diversity in mDN axonal projections.WefindthatSonicHedgehog(Shh)isexpressedatachoicepointinthecourseoftherostraldopaminergic projections.Furthermore,inmidbrainexplants,dopaminergicprojectionsareattractedtoaShhsource.Finally,inmicein which Shh signaling is inactivated during late neuronal development, the most medial dopaminergic projections are deficient. InadditiontotheroleofShhintheinductionofmDNprecursors,Shhplaysanimportantroleindopaminergic axonpathfindingtorostraltargettissues.Furthermore,Shhsignalingisinvolvedindeterminingthestructuraldiversityof thesedopaminergicprojections. Citation:HammondR,BlaessS,AbeliovichA(2009)SonicHedgehogIsaChemoattractantforMidbrainDopaminergicAxons.PLoSONE4(9):e7007.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0007007 Editor:MichaelHendricks,HarvardUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedApril22,2009;AcceptedAugust17,2009;Pub