Species Invasion History Influences Community Evolution in a Tri-Trophic Food Web Model 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Species Invasion History Influences Community Evolution in a Tri-Trophic Food Web Model 英文参考文献.doc

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Species Invasion History Influences Community Evolution in a Tri-Trophic Food Web Model 英文参考文献

SpeciesInvasionHistoryInfluencesCommunity EvolutioninaTri-TrophicFoodWebModel AkihikoMougi1*,KinyaNishimura2 1DepartmentofBiology,KyushuUniversity,Fukuoka,Fukuoka,Japan,2GraduateSchoolofFisheriesSciences,HokkaidoUniversity,Hakodate,Hokkaido,Japan Abstract Background:Recentexperimentalstudieshavedemonstratedtheimportanceofinvasionhistoryforevolutionaryformation ofcommunity.However,onlyfewtheoreticalstudiesoncommunityevolutionhavefocusedonsuchviews. Methodology and Principal Findings: We used a tri-trophic food web model to analyze the coevolutionary effects of ecologicalinvasionsbyamutantandbyapredatorand/orresourcespeciesofanativeconsumerspeciescommunityand found that ecological invasions can lead to various evolutionary histories. The invasion of a predator makes multiple evolutionarycommunityhistoriespossible,andtheevolutionaryhistoryfollowedcandetermineboththeinvasionsuccess ofthepredatorintothenativecommunityandthefateofthecommunity.Aslightdifferenceinthetimingofanecological invasioncanleadtoagreatlydifferentfate.Inaddition,evengreatlydifferentcommunityhistoriescanconvergeasaresult of environmental changes such as a predator trait shift or a productivity change. Furthermore, the changes to the evolutionaryhistorymaybeirreversible. ConclusionsandSignificance:Ourmodelingresultssuggestthatthetimingofecologicalinvasionofaspeciesintoafocal community can largely change the evolutionary consequences of the community. Our approach based on adaptive dynamicswillbeausefultooltounderstandtheeffectofinvasionhistoryonevolutionaryformationofcommunity. Citation: Mougi A, Nishimura K (2009) Species Invasion History Influences Community Evolution in a Tri-Trophic Food Web Model. PLoS ONE 4(8): e6731. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006731 Editor:StephenJ.Cornell,UniversityofLeeds,UnitedKingdom ReceivedMarch31,2009;AcceptedJuly21,2009;PublishedAugust24,2009 Copyright:?2009Mougi,Nishimura.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichper