Species Interactions during Diversification and Community Assembly in an Island Radiation of Shrews 英文参考文献.docVIP

SpeciesInteractionsduringDiversificationand CommunityAssemblyinanIslandRadiationofShrews JacobA.Esselstyn1*,SeanP.Maher2,RafeM.Brown3 1Biology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 2Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America, 3BiodiversityInstituteandDepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology,UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,Kansas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Closely related, ecologically similar species often have adjacent distributions, suggesting competitive exclusion may contribute to the structure of some natural communities. In systems such as island archipelagos, where speciation is oftentightlyassociated withdispersal overoceanicbarriers, competitiveexclusionmay prevent population establishmentfollowinginter-islanddispersalandsubsequentcladogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a combination of tools, we test the hypothesis that the distributions of shrew (Crocidura) species in the Philippines are the result of competitive exclusion preventing secondary invasion of occupied islands.Wefirstcompareecologicalnichemodelsbetweentwowidespread,allopatricspeciesandfindstatisticalsupport fortheirecological similarity, implyingthatcompetition forhabitatbetween thesespecies is possible. Wethenexamine dispersionpatternsamongsympatricspeciesandfindsomesignalforoverdispersionofbodysize,butnotforphylogenetic branch length.Finally,wesimulate theprocessof inter-islandcolonizationunder astochastic modelofdispersal lacking ecologicalforces.Resultsaredependentonthegeographicscopeandcolonizationprobabilityemployed.However,some combinationssuggestthatthenumberofinter-islanddispersaleventsnecessarytopopulatethearchipelagomaybemuch higher than theminimum numberof colonizationevents necessary toexplain current estimates ofspecies richness and phylogenetic relationships. If our model is appropriate, these results imply that alternative factors, such as competitive exclusion,mayhaveinfluence