Supra-molecular Association and Polymorphic Behaviour In Systems Containing Bile Acid Salts 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2007, 12, 1731-1754 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 ? 2007 by MDPI /molecules Review Supra-molecular Association and Polymorphic Behaviour In Systems Containing Bile Acid Salts. Marco Calabresi, Patrizia Andreozzi, and Camillo La Mesa* Dipartimento di Chimica and SOFT-INFM-CNR Research Centre, Università “La Sapienza”, P.le A. Moro 5, Roma, I-00185, Italy * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: camillo.lamesa@uniroma1.it; Tel. +39-06-491694 (direct); +39-06 Fax. +39-06-490631 Received: 9 May 2007; in revised form: 12 July 2007 / Accepted: 12 July 2007 / Published: 7 August 2007 Abstract: A wide number of supra-molecular association modes are observed in mixtures containing water and bile salts, BS, (with, eventually, other components). Molecular or micellar solutions transform into hydrated solids, fibres, lyotropic liquid crystals and/or gels by raising the concentration, the temperature, adding electrolytes, surfactants, lipids and proteins. Amorphous or ordered phases may be formed accordingly. The forces responsible for this very rich polymorphism presumably arise from the unusual combination of electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond contributions to the system stability, with subsequent control of the supra-molecular organisation modes. The stabilising effect due to hydrogen bonds does not occur in almost all surfactants or lipids and is peculiar to bile acids and salts. Some supra-molecular organisation modes, supposed to be related to malfunctions and dis-metabolic diseases in vivo, are briefly reported and discussed. Keywords: Bile Salts, Solutions, Micelles, Liquid Crystals, Gels, Fibres, Solids.  Molecules 2007, 12 1732 Introduction The solution behaviour of bile salts, BS, by-products of the steroidal pool in vivo, is of outstanding relevance in many relevant aspects of the entero-hepatic circulation in mammals [1]. Previous