Transformation 英文参考文献.docVIP

Comment Transformation Gregory A Petsko Address: Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA. Email: petsko@ Published: 1 November 2006 Genome Biology 2006, 7:117 (doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-10-117) The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2006/7/10/117 ? 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Well, this year’s Nobel Prizes have been announced and once again no monthly columnist was awarded the Prize in Literature. I put this down to a long-standing and un- reasonable prejudice in favor of serious writers. The science prizes were, as they often are, somewhat controversial, not because the winners didn’t deserve to win - I certainly think they all did - but because there are others who seem to be equally deserving, and who therefore perhaps should have shared the awards. In general, I think the various Nobel Committees do a pretty good job of selecting worthy recipients, but often err on the side of too few awardees for any given discovery or advance. To be sure, it’s hard to get it right, especially with the limit, set by Nobel’s will, of three winners per prize, but given the collaborative - and competitive - style of modern science, one or even two winners would seem to be too few most of the time. the 1940s - he was far too modest a man to do that - but he could be cajoled into it, and I never tired of sitting with him, listening to his marvelous anecdotes about that exciting time. In 1928, Frederick Griffith, an English army doctor, wanted to make a vaccine against a Streptococcus pneumoniae, which caused bacterial pneumonia. Though he failed in making the vaccine, he stumbled on a demonstration of the transmission of genetic information by a substance that was to be called the “transforming principle”. He found that the bacterium had tw