Unbearability of suffering at the end of life the development of a new measuring device, the SOS-V 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Unbearability of suffering at the end of life the development of a new measuring device, the SOS-V 英文参考文献.doc

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Unbearability of suffering at the end of life the development of a new measuring device, the SOS-V 英文参考文献

BMC Palliative Care BioMedCentral Research article Open Access Unbearability of suffering at the end of life: the development of a new measuring device, the SOS-V Cees DM Ruijs*1, Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen2, Gerrit van der Wal2 and Ad JFM Kerkhof3 Address: 1Primary Care Center De Greev, Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Expertise Center for Palliative Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands and 3Department of Clinical Psychology, EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Email: Cees DM Ruijs* - C.Ruys3@kpnplanet.nl; Bregje D Onwuteaka-Philipsen - b.philipsen@vumc.nl; Gerrit van der Wal - g.vanderwal@vumc.nl; Ad JFM Kerkhof - ajfm.kerkhof@psy.vu.nl * Corresponding author Published: 3 November 2009 Received: 19 December 2008 Accepted: 3 November 2009 BMC Palliative Care 2009, 8:16 doi:10.1186/1472-684X-8-16 This article is available from: /1472-684X/8/16 ? 2009 Ruijs et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Unbearable suffering is an important issue in end-of-life decisions. However, there has been no systematic, prospective, patient-oriented research which has focused on unbearable suffering, nor is there a suitable measurement instrument. This article describes the methodological development of a quantitative instrument to measure the nature and intensity of unbearable suffering, practical aspects of its use in end-stage cancer patients in general practice, and studies content validity and psychometric properties. Methods: Recognizing the conceptual difference between unbearability of suffering and extent or int