Using Eddy Covariance Sensors to Quantify Carbon Metabolism of Peatlands A Case Study in Turkey 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 522-538; doi:10.3390/s110100522 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Using Eddy Covariance Sensors to Quantify Carbon Metabolism of Peatlands: A Case Study in Turkey Fatih Evrendilek 1,*, Nusret Karakaya 1, Guler Aslan 1 and Can Ertekin 2 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14280 Golkoy Campus Bolu, Turkey; E-Mails: karakaya_n@.tr (N.K.); aslan_g@.tr (G.A.) 2 Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; E-Mail: ertekin@.tr (C.E.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: fevrendilek@.tr; Tel.: +90-374-254-1000; Fax: +90-374-253-4558. Received: 4 November 2010; in revised form: 23 November 2010 / Accepted: 4 January 2011 / Published: 6 January 2011 Abstract: Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured in a cool temperate peatland in northwestern Turkey on a continuous basis using eddy covariance (EC) sensors and multiple (non-)linear regression-M(N)LR-models. Our results showed that hourly NEE varied between ?1.26 and 1.06 mg CO2 m?2 s?1, with a mean value of 0.11 mg CO2 m?2 s?1. Nighttime ecosystem respiration (RE) was on average measured as 0.23 ± 0.09 mg CO2 m?2 s?1. Two best-fit M(N)LR models estimated daytime RE as 0.64 ± 0.31 and 0.24 ± 0.05 mg CO2 m?2 s?1. Total RE as the sum of nighttime and daytime RE ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 mg CO2 m?2 s?1, thus yielding estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) at ?0.35 ± 0.18 and ?0.74 ± 0.43 mg CO2 m?2 s?1. Use of EC sensors and M(N)LR models is one of the most direct ways to quantify turbulent CO2 exchanges among the soil, vegetation and atmosphere within the atmospheric boundary layer, as well as source and sink behaviors of ecosystems. Keywords: carbon cycle; flux tower; biogeochemical model; diurnal variation  Sensors 2011, 11 523 1. Introduction Though spatially small (5%