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European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD The European Network Adult ADHD.doc

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European consensus statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD The European Network Adult ADHD

Kooijetal.BMCPsychiatry2010,10:67 /1471-244X/10/67 REVIEW OpenAccess Europeanconsensusstatementondiagnosisand treatmentofadultADHD:TheEuropeanNetwork AdultADHD SandraJJKooij1*,SusanneBejerot2,AndrewBlackwell3,HerveCaci4,MiquelCasas-Brugué5,PieterJCarpentier6, DanEdvinsson7,JohnFayyad8,KarinFoeken9,MichaelFitzgerald10,VeroniqueGaillac11,YlvaGinsberg12, ChantalHenry13,JohannaKrause14,MichaelBLensing15,IrisManor16,HelmutNiederhofer17,CarlosNunes-Filipe18, MartinDOhlmeier19,PierreOswald20,StefanoPallanti21,ArtemiosPehlivanidis22,JosepARamos-Quiroga23, MariaRastam24,DorisRyffel-Rawak25,StevenStes26,PhilipAsherson27 Abstract Background:Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)isamongthemostcommonpsychiatricdisordersof childhoodthatpersistsintoadulthoodinthemajorityofcases.Theevidenceonpersistenceposesseveral difficultiesforadultpsychiatryconsideringthelackofexpertisefordiagnosticassessment,limitedtreatment optionsandpatientfacilitiesacrossEurope. Methods:TheEuropeanNetworkAdultADHD,foundedin2003,aimstoincreaseawarenessofthisdisorderand improveknowledgeandpatientcareforadultswithADHDacrossEurope.ThisConsensusStatementisoneofthe actionstakenbytheEuropeanNetworkAdultADHDinordertosupporttheclinicianwithresearchevidenceand clinicalexperiencefrom18EuropeancountriesinwhichADHDinadultsisrecognisedandtreated. Results:BesidesinformationonthegeneticsandneurobiologyofADHD,threemajorquestionsareaddressedin thisstatement:(1)WhatistheclinicalpictureofADHDinadults?(2)HowcanADHDinadultsbeproperly diagnosed?(3)HowshouldADHDinadultsbeeffectivelytreated? Conclusions:ADHDoftenpresentsasanimpairinglifelongconditioninadults,yetitiscurrentlyunderdiagnosed andtreatedinmanyEuropeancountries,leadingtoineffectivetreatmentandhighercostsofillness.Expertisein diagnosticassessmentandtreatmentofADHDinadultsmustincreaseinpsychiatry.Instrumentsforscreeningand diagnosisofADHDinadultsareavailableandappropriatetreatmentsexist,althoughmoreresearchisneededin thisagegroup. Review The European Network Adult A