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Executive attention impairment in first-episode schizophrenia.doc

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Executive attention impairment in first-episode schizophrenia

Orellanaetal.BMCPsychiatry2012,12:154 /1471-244X/12/154 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Executiveattentionimpairmentinfirst-episode schizophrenia GricelOrellana1,AndreaSlachevsky2,3,4andMarcelaPe?a5,6* Abstract Background:Wecomparedtheattentionabilitiesofagroupoffirst-episodeschizophrenia(FES)patientsanda groupofhealthyparticipantsusingtheAttentionNetworkTest(ANT),astandardprocedurethatestimatesthe functionalstateofthreeneuralnetworkscontrollingtheefficiencyofthreedifferentattentionalbehaviors,i.e., alerting(achievingandmaintainingastateofhighsensitivitytoincomingstimuli),orienting(abilitytoselect informationfromsensoryinput),andexecutiveattention(mechanismsforresolvingconflictamongthoughts, feelings,andactions). Methods:Weevaluated22FESpatientsfrom17to29yearsofagewitharecenthistoryofasinglepsychotic episodetreatedonlywithatypicalneuroleptics,and20healthypersonsmatchedwithFESpatientsbysex,age,and educationallevelasthecontrolgroup.AttentionwasestimatedusingtheANTinwhichparticipantsindicate whetheracentralhorizontalarrowispointingtotheleftortheright.Thecentralarrowmaybeprecededbyspatial ortemporalcuesdenotingwhereandwhenthearrowwillappear,andmaybeflankedbyotherarrows(hereafter, flankers)pointinginthesameortheoppositedirection. Results:Theefficiencyofthealerting,orienting,andexecutivenetworkswasestimatedbymeasuringhowreaction timewasinfluencedbycongruencybetweentemporal,spatial,andflankercues.Wefoundthatthecontrolgroup onlydemonstratedsignificantlygreaterattentionefficiencythanFESpatientsintheexecutiveattentionnetwork. Conclusions:FESpatientsareimpairedinexecutiveattentionbutnotinalertingororientingattention,suggesting thatexecutiveattentiondeficitmaybeaprimaryimpairmentduringtheprogressionofthedisease. Keywords:Schizophrenia,First-episode,Attention,ANT,Executive,Cognitive Background treatments including electroconvulsive therapy. Thus, Schizophrenia is a mental illness affecting 1% of the the nature of neurocognitive dysfunction is potentially world population and has