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Expansion of the human mitochondrial proteome by intra- and inter-compartmental protein duplication.doc

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Expansion of the human mitochondrial proteome by intra- and inter-compartmental protein duplication

Open Access Research 2009SzklarczykVolume 10,andIssuHuynene 11, Article R135 Expansion of the human mitochondrial proteome by intra- and inter-compartmental protein duplication Radek Szklarczyk and Martijn A Huynen Address: Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, NCMLS, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Correspondence: Martijn A Huynen. Email: huynen@cmbi.ru.nl Published: 24 November 2009 Received: 9 June 2009 Revised: 9 October 2009 Accepted: 24 November 2009 Genome Biology 2009, 10:R135 (doi:10.1186/gb-2009-10-11-r135) The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2009/10/11/R135 ? 2009 Szklarczyk et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. MitochondrialthpeseThdeuphluicmaatenproteomedmpirtootcehinosnexpansion.dri/pl proteome is shown to have expanded due to duplication of protein encoding genes and re-localization of Abstract Background: Mitochondria are highly complex, membrane-enclosed organelles that are essential to the eukaryotic cell. The experimental elucidation of organellar proteomes combined with the sequencing of complete genomes allows us to trace the evolution of the mitochondrial proteome. Results: We present a systematic analysis of the evolution of mitochondria via gene duplication in the human lineage. The most common duplications are intra-mitochondrial, in which the ancestral gene and the daughter genes encode mitochondrial proteins. These duplications significantly expanded carbohydrate metabolism, the protein import machinery and the calcium regulation of mitochondrial activity. The second most prevalent duplication, inter-compartmental, extended the catalytic as well a