关于plc卒业设计英文翻译.doc

1 PLC英文资料 1.1?Motivation Programmable?Logic?Controllers?(PLC),?a?computing?device?invented?by?Richard?E.?Morley?in?1968,?have?been?widely?used?in?industry?including?manufacturing?systems,?transportation?systems,?chemical?process?facilities,?and?many?others.?At?that?time,?the?PLC?replaced?the?hardwired?logic?with?soft-wired?logic?or?so-called?relay?ladder?logic?(RLL),?a?programming?language?visually?resembling?the?hardwired?logic,?and?reduced?thereby?the?configuration?time?from?6?months?down?to?6?days?[Moody?and?Morley,?1999]. Although?PC?based?control?has?started?to?come?into?place,?PLC?based?control?will?remain?the?technique?to?which?the?majority?of?industrial?applications?will?adhere?due?to?its?higher?performance,?lower?price,?and?superior?reliability?in?harsh?environments.?Moreover,?according?to?a?study?on?the?PLC?market?of?Frost?and?Sullivan?[1995],?an?increase?of?the?annual?sales?volume?to?15?million?PLCs?per?year?with?the?hardware?value?of?more?than?8?billion?US?dollars?has?been?predicted,?though?the?prices?of?computing?hardware?is?steadily?dropping.?The?inventor?of?the?PLC,?Richard?E?Morley,?fairly?considers?the?PLC?market?as?a?5-billion?industry?at?the?present?time.? Though?PLCs?are?widely?used?in?industrial?practice,?the?programming?of?PLC?based?control?systems?is?still?very?much?relying?on?trial-and-error.?Alike?software?engineering,?PLC?software?design?is?facing?the?software?dilemma?or?crisis?in?a?similar?way.?Morley?himself?emphasized?this?aspect?most?forcefully?by?indicating?[Moody?and?Morley,?1999,?p.?110]: `If?houses?were?built?like?software?projects,?a?single?woodpecker?could?destroy?civilization.” Particularly,?practical?problems?in?PLC?programming?are?to?eliminate?software?bugs?and?to?reduce?the?maintenance?costs?of?old?ladder?logic?programs.?Though?the?hardware?costs?of?PLCs?are?dropping?continuously,?reducing?the?scan?time?of?the?ladder?logic?is?still?an?issue?in?industry?so?that?low-cost?PLCs?can?be?used.? In?general,?the?productivity?in