Lecture17助动词(I).pptVIP

第17讲 助动词 （一） 概述 英语动词，按其在构成动词词组所起的作用，分为主动词和助动词两大类。助动词又分为基本助动词、情态助动词和半助动词。 英语情态助动词共有13个： 17.1 情态意义表示法 表示“能力”和“可能” 表示“许可”和“不许” 表示“义务”和“必然” 表示“预见”和“推测” 表示“意愿”、“意图”和“决心” 其他情态意义 A. 表示“能力”（ability）,可用can, could, be able to. Can 既能表示现在的能力，也能表示将来的能力。 B. 表示“可能”（possibility）,可用may, might, can, could. may/ might 表示“可能”，往往可以交替使用，从而比较婉转。may / might 既可以表示现在的可能，也可表四将来的可能。 Look！ I can do it! I can’t do it now, but I can do it later. I can climb this cliff. He can drive a car. I’ll be able to speak German in another two months. He was able to swim halfway before he collapsed. I couldn’t play the piano when I was at school. It may/ might be true. He may/ might be still waiting at the door. Where can he be? He may not go tomorrow. If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way. He may/ might have been hurt. You might have killed yourself. A. 请求对方许可（permission）可用can, could, may, might. May/ might 与can/ could 相比，后者较为婉转，更有礼貌。 B. 表示不许可用may not 或者cannot Can/ Could I smoke in here? May/ Might I smoke in here? Could I sue your phone? Yes, of course you can. Might I trouble you for a light? You may indeed. Can I go out for a moment? No, you can’t. May I use your car for a few days? No, you may not. He may not go. He might not go. He was not allowed to go. I didn’t permit him to go. A. 所谓表示义务（obligation），即表示必须、应该做某事。表示这些意义，可用should, ought to, must.　用这三个情态助动词表示义务，其口气强弱略有差别。 B. 所谓表示必然（necessity）就是根据说话人的判断和推测认为必然会有某种情况。表示这种意义，可用should, ought to 和must,其中以用must口气最为肯定。 We should learn from the model workers You should/ought to drink less. You should /ought to have asked my permission first. You must be back by ten o’clock. You don’t need to do it at once. You will wait outside the gate. She should be here in a minute. The book should appeal to all lovers of poetry. These young trees ought to provide shade in ten years. You can’t have any difficulty getting the tickets. If Fred didn’t leave home before five he can’t be there yet. A. 表示预见（prediction）,即表示单纯将来，可用will/ shall+不定式。出英格兰以外的说英语国家如美国、新西