非限定动词与独立结构课件.ppt

非限定动词与独立结构 Non-Finite Verb the Absolute Construction 非限定动词（Non-Finite Verb） 指在句子中不是谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式。非限定动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。 三种形式： 不定式（the Infinitive ） Ing-分词（ing - Participle） 过去分词（the Participle ） 不定式 the Infinitive 不定式（the Infinitive ）I. 形式 II. 不定式用法 不定式不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，而且还保留着动词的特征，因而可以有状语修饰，如果是及物动词，还可以带宾语，从而构成不定式短语。不定式或不定式短语在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 前面可以加某些疑问代词，如what、who、which，或疑问副词，如when、where、how、why等，构成特殊的不定式短语，如 what to do next, how to get there等。 III.?? 不定式的时态与语态 做好我们未来的规划非常重要。 To make a plan for our future is important. / It is important to make a plan for the future. 我没想到后面还有个聚会。 I didn’t expect there to be a party ahead. 看到妈妈回家了，他假装在做作业 When he saw his mother back, he pretended to be doing his homework. / Seeing his mother come back, he …… 能够结识她是我的荣幸。 To have known her is my great honor. / It is my great honor to have known her. 对不起，让你久等了! I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 据说John一直研究了一个晚上。 John is said to have been studying for a whole night. / It was said that John had been studying for a whole night. 得到别人的尊重是他发自心扉的愿望。 To be respected by others is the desire from the bottom of his heart. 我希望能够得到谅解。 I wish to be excused. 明天举行的会议很重要。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. 给他这样一个机会，他很开心。 He was very pleased to have been given such an opportunity. 他别无选择，只能等待。 He could do nothing but / except wait. / He had no choice but to wait. (之一: but / except前有do的某种形式） 他只想洗洗手。 What he wanted to do was （to） wash his hands. 现在要做的就是清除这些乱七八糟的东西。 The thing to do now is (to) clear up the mess. （之二：SVC句型中主语部分有do的某种形式） 我有许多衣服要洗。 I have many clothes to wash. (自己洗) 我在洗衣服。你有衣服我要洗吗？ I’m washing clothes. Do you have anything to be washed. (你的衣服被我洗。) 你要去北京。你有什么东西要带过去吗？ You are going to Bj. Do you have anything to take? 我要去北京。你有什么东西要带过去吗？ I’m going to Bj. Do you have anything to be taken? 是目的还是结果？ She decided to work harder to catch up with the others. 他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现车已经走了。 He hurried to the station, only to find the train had