translation翻译过程.pptVIP

Translation Once the DNA code has been Transcribed onto a mRNA molecule, mRNA leaves the nucleus and moves into the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm the mRNA combines with the Ribosomes to make Enzymes/Proteins. The Process of reading the mRNA code and building a(n) Enzyme/Protein is called Translation, or Protein Synthesis. In order for Translation/Protein Synthesis to occur a cell needs: 1. mRNA (carrying the DNA code) 2. Ribosomes 3. Amino Acids 4. tRNA (picks up amino acids in the cytosol and carries them to the ribosomes where they will be joined together to form a Protein) Ribosomes(the ribosomes are the actual site of Translation /protein synthesis) Animals and Plants get their amino acids the same way they get their Nucleotides. Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNA is a small, folded RNA chain (74-93 nucleotides) that picks up and transfers specific amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. It has sites for Amino Acid attachment and an Anticodon. The Anticodon is composed of complementary bases. Each tRNA molecule binds to only one type of amino acid. More than one tRNA exists for each amino acid. Summary of Translation(or… so you want to make a Protein) Let’s begin in the nucleus…… The DNA has the code to instruct the Ribosomes as to which Proteins to make. Ok, 2 problems here: 1.) the DNA is in the Nucleus and the ribosomes are in the Cytoplasm, and 2.) the ribosomes can’t read the DNA. Well there’s an easy way to fix both problems… it’s called Transcription…. Through Transcription, the DNA code is placed onto a mRNA molecule which can 1.) leave the nucleus, travel into the cytoplasm and join with the ribosomes, and 2.) the ribosomes can Translate (read) the mRNA. So now we have the DNA code, by way of mRNA, in the cytoplasm that can instruct the Ribosomes as to which protein to make….. By the way, the difference between one protein and another protein is the order of the amino acids, the n