第六章 彩色图像处理.pptVIP

第六章 彩色图像处理Color Image Processing 张运楚 信息与电气工程学院 yczhang@ 图像处理中运用颜色受两个主要因素推动： 颜色是一个强有力的描绘子，可简化从场景中区分和抽取目标物； 人可以辨别几千种颜色色调和亮度，但只能辨别几十种灰度层次。 彩色图像处理可分为两个主要领域: 全彩色处理（图像用全彩色传感器获取） 伪彩色处理（对特定的单一亮度或亮度范围赋予一种颜色） 主要内容 彩色基础 彩色模型 伪彩色处理 彩色变换 平滑和锐化 彩色分割 彩色图像的噪声 6.1 彩色基础 Newton discovered that when a beam of sunlight passes through a glass prism, the emerging beam of light is not white but consists instead of a continuous spectrum of colors. No color in the spectrum ends abruptly, but rather each color blends smoothly into the next. Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible light covers only a relatively narrow band of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum (about 430 nm violet to 790 nm red). According to Commission Internationale de l’Eclariage (C.I.E.) standard, three primary colors blue=435.8 nm,green=546.1 nm,and red=700 nm. Human perception of color Light source Emit energy in a range of wavelength Its intensity may vary in both space and time Illuminating sources Emit light (e.g. the sun, light bulb, TV monitors) Perceived color depends on the emitted freq. Follows additive rule: R+G+B = White Reflecting sources Reflect an incident light (e.g. the color dye, matte surface, cloth) Perceived color depends on reflected freq (=incident freq – absorbed freq.) Follows subtractive rule: R+G+B = Black Rods: night vision, perceive brightness only Cones : day vision, can perceive color tone; Cones are divided into three sensible categories 65 % percent of cones are sensible to red light 33 % percent of cones are sensible to green light 2% percent of cones are sensible to blue light Different cones have different frequency responses Tri-receptor theory of color vision: the perceived color depends only on three numbers, Cr, Cg, Cb, rather than the complete light spectrum. 眼睛对红、绿、蓝光吸收的平均实验曲线 光原色及其二次色 由于人眼的上述吸收特性，所看到的彩色实际是红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)的各种组合。 For this reason, red, green, and blue are referred to as the primary colors of human vision. CIE (the international Commission on Illumination) sta