语言学中的等级hierarchy.pptVIP

The Hierarchy of Animals Ambiguous words More than one meaning More than one way to be analyzed * 2 types of derived words 2 morphemes (1 stem 1 affix) File 5.3The Hierarchical Structure of Derived Words ≥3 morphemes (1 stem ≥2 affixes) prefix + stem stem + suffix 2 morphemes (1 stem 1 affix) unhappy un happy breakable break able debatable debate comparable compare breakable break adjustable adjust -able new word (adj.) stem (verb) affix -able debate compare break adjust -able stem (verb) affix Fact 1 The stems with which a given affix may combine (their input) normally belong to the same part of speech class. debatable comparable breakable adjustable -able new word (adj.) affix 击添加标题 Fact 2 The words formed by the addition of a given derivational affix to some stem (their output) also normally belong to the same part of speech class. 击添加标题 The stems with which a given affix may combine (their input) normally belong to the same part of speech class. The words formed by the addition of a given derivational affix to some stem (their output) also normally belong to the same part of speech class. 2 facts about words with one derivational affix prefix + stem + suffix prefix1+prefix2+…+prefixn +stem+ suffix1+suffix2+…+suffixn ≥3 morphemes 1stem ≥2 affixes ● unusable(不能用的) un-, use, -able ● irreformability(不可改造性) ir-(非), re- (重新), form (形状), -able (能…的), -ity (性质) ● antidisestablishmentarianism(反对教会与国家分家学说) anti- (反), dis- (分离), establish (建立), -ment (状态), -arian (主义的), -ism (学说) which affix attaches to the stem firstly? ≥3 morphemes 假设2： Adj. 假设1： Adj. e.g. unusable prefix：un- suffix: -able verb un use able Adj. un use able 假设2： Adj. 假设1： Adj. verb un use able Adj. un use able ● un- + stem (adj.) = new word (adj.) ● stem (verb.) + -able = new word (adj.) × √ *