定语从句 语法知识归纳yong.docVIP

定语从句 语法知识归纳 一、基本概念 （一） 定语从句 在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 （二） 先行词 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。 （三）关系代词和关系副词 定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。 一．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法 （一）基本用法 根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表： 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） ① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） ② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） ③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） ④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） ⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语） 注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例③④） （二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况 which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。 但在有些情况下，只用 that。 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。 例如：① This is the best that has been used against pollution. ② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. ⑵ 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。 例如：① This is the last place (that) I want to visit. ② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen. ⑶ 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代词时。 例如：① You should hand in a