汉文帝时代君臣关系探论.pdfVIP

摘 要 在帝制社会，君臣关系或许是最根本的政治关系。秦帝国二世而亡，汉高祖 刘邦虽然建立了大汉帝国，但是并没有完全仿照秦朝建构起一套完整的政治制 度，君臣关系也没有规范化。汉文帝即位之初，功臣贵族完全把持朝政，呈现出 君弱臣强的政局。与此同时，关东的同姓诸侯王国的疆域占全汉疆域的一半以上， 时刻有分裂的威胁。汉文帝作为历史上的一代明君，巧妙的化解了君臣矛盾，并 利用诸侯王以牵制功臣集团，形成宗室、功臣相制相依的政局。接着文帝利用“亲 亲”仁义的方式解决了汉廷与同姓诸侯王国的矛盾。文帝在位时采取了一系列加 强君主权威的措施：简言之，在中央 “令列侯之国”，成功的打击了功臣集团在 中央的势力；在诸侯国实行“众建诸侯少其力”的政策，并且成功的将中央的势 力渗透到诸侯国，防止诸侯国坐大。到了文帝末年，文帝能够完全掌控朝政，扭 转了即位之初君弱臣强的局面，也为后世君王进一步集权打下了坚实的基础。 本文以文帝时代的君臣关系作为切入点，最主要的原因是文帝时代的君臣关 系有它的特殊性。文帝为功臣所拥立，投桃报李，文帝必将感恩戴德，但君臣伦 理不能践踏，君臣关系有其尴尬的一面。只有把握了文帝时代君臣关系，很多问 题我们才可以看得更加透彻。 关键词：汉文帝；功臣集团；同姓诸侯王；君臣关系；君主集权 I Abstract Intheemperor society,therelationshipbetween emperorand subjectwasperhaps the most fundamental political relations. Empire Qin ding out quickly, though Han EmperorLiuBangestablishingtheHanEmpire,hedidnotcompletetheconstruction ofapoliticalsystem.In addition,monarch withhis subjectsdidnotnormalize.When the Emperor Wen of Han ascending monarch, the noble hero completely controlled thepower,showingastrongpoliticalstrengthwhileJunweakling.Atthesametime, the governors group in shan dong had area accounting for more than half of Han empire’sterritory,withthethreatofHanempire.Inhistory,theEmperorWenofHan was very smart, properly handling the relationship between the monarch and his subjects, and matching the weight group by the governors.Then Han Wen resolved thecontradictionbetweenman’skingdomsandthecentralbythefamilyrighteousness HanWeninofficetookalotofmeasuresstrengtheningtheimperialpower:inaword, Monarch commandedtheweight groupleaving Changan,blowingtheweight group successfully in centre; In addition,he carvedup territory of the kingdoms, avoiding thekingdomsgettingmore strong.Inlastyears,HanWenwouldcontrolthepowerin centre,alsoforthelaterKingsfurthercentralizationhavinglaidasolidfoundation. Inthispaper,relationshipbetweenthemonarchwithhissubiectsintheEmperor