第一章 网络互联（国外英文资料）.doc

第一章 网络互联（国外英文资料） 1.1 network connectivity foundation The router separates the broadcast domain and the conflict domain, the switch separates the conflict domain, the bridge separates the conflict domain, the hub does not separate the conflict domain. The main reason for LAN congestion is: There are too many hosts in the same broadcast domain or conflict domain 2. The broadcast storm There are too many streams of data 4. The bandwidth is too low Extend the network using a hub There are two advantages of using a router in the network: By default, the router does not forward the broadcast The router can filter the network based on the third layer (network layer) information (e.g., IP address) In the network, the router has four functions: 1. The packet switching 2. Packet filtering Network communication 4. The path selection Using Bridges in the network reduces conflicts in the broadcast domain and increases the conflict domain in the network. 1.2 Internet connection model ISO international standardization organization developed the OSI (open system interconnection) model The OSI model is designed to help manufacturers produce interoperable network devices and software in a protocol, enabling the networks of different vendors to work together. OSI model is the main network architecture model, describes how the data and network information through the network media is transmitted from the application of a computer to another computer application. 1.2.1 layered methods The reference model is a conceptual blueprint for how to complete communication creation. It points out all the steps required for efficient communication and divides these steps into logical groups called layers. When designing the communication system in this way, the layered architecture was adopted. The advantages of reference models The main advantages of using the OSI layered model are: Dividing the network communication process into smaller, simpler components that contribute to the development, des