语言学 Morphology.ppt

Week 5 Morphology (7. words and word-formation processes; 8. morphology) Processes/Types of word formation Compounding Derivation: adding affixes to other morphemes Invention/ coining Conversion词类转换 Backformation逆向构词法 Clipping截短构词法 Blending混成构词法 Acronym首字母拼音法(缩略词)能按单一的词读音：TV Initialism首字母缩略词Abbreviation首字母的单独发音NATO Borrowing Multiple processes The history of words: e.g. spoonerism From: You have hissed my mystery lectures. I saw you fight a liar in the back yard. In fact, you have tasted the whole worm. spangler, spanglerish, spanglerism; in Britain, hoover neologism Compounding A joining of to separate words to produce a single form For example, bookcase, waterbed Word-formation Invention/Coinage Mostly brand names: Kodak, Coke, nylon, Band-aid, Xerox, Lycra Conversion词类转换 noun → verb: He is papering the wall. Verb→ noun: a must Verb→ adj: see-through material Adj → verb: to empty Adj → noun: a crazy Back-formation: by removing the suffix to get a new word diagnose diagnosis enthuse enthusiasm laze lazy liaise liaison reminisce reminiscence statistic statistics televise television burgle, commentate, edit, peddle, scavenge, sculpt, swindle air-condition, babysit, brainstorm, brainwash, browbeat, dry-clean, house-hunt, housekeep, sightsee, tape-record articulate, assassinate, coeducate, demarcate, emote, intuit, legislate,marinate, orate, vaccinate, valuate Blending: by combining two separate forms, taking the beginning of one word and joining it to the end of another word transfer+resistortransistor smoke+fogsmog motorist+hotelmotel breakfast+lunchbrunch modulator+demodulatormodem dance+exercisedancercise advertisement+editorialadvertorial education+entertainmentedutainment information+commercialinfomercial Clipping Parts of a word have been cut off Back-clippings: ad(vertisement), chimp(anzee), deli(catessen), exam(ination), hippo(potamus), lab(oratory), piano(forte), reg(ulation)s Fore-clippings: (ham)burger, (omni)bus, (violin)cello, (heli)c