【2017年整理】lect与ure4.ppt

Lecture Four Differences between Chinese and English Sentences;1 Definition of Sentences;In Chinese they are defined as: “陈述句是告诉别人一件事的句子。”“感叹句事抒发某种强烈感情的句子。”“祈使句事表示命令或请求的句子。”“疑问句是用来提出问题的句子。” （邢福义，2002：11－14） ;2 Ten differences between English and Chinese languages;2.1 Analytic vs. Synthetic;A synthetic language as “characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”. (Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary ) ;Examples:;3) 全国到处都在兴建新工厂。 ;2.2 Diffusive vs. Compact;Examples;6)虽然他单身一人，又处在异乡客地，但正如他的同事和学生描述的那样，他为人愉快开朗，温文尔雅，诚实谦虚。 ;2.3 Paratactic vs. Hypotactic;The American Heritage Dictionary defines Hypotactic as: “ the dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.” In Chinese clauses or phrases are placed one after another without coordinating connectives, while in English, they are coordinated with one another or subordinated to one another syntactically. So Chinese is paratactic and English is hypotactic. ;For example: ;10)抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题就可以迎刃而解。 Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.;2.4 Simplex vs. Complex;E.g.: (12) 老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条丁字街，明明白白横着。他便退了几步，寻找一家关着门的铺子，蹩进檐下，靠门立住了。（鲁迅《药》） ;As Sun Wukong was deft of hand and quick of eye, he plucked one of the hairs from his body in the midst of the fray and shouted “Change!” it changed into his own double. ;He was at this time in his late fifties, a tall, elegant man with good features and thick dark hair only sufficiently graying to add to the distinction of his appearance. ;2.5 Personal vs. Impersonal;15) 你出什么事儿啦？ What has happened to you? 16) 我突然想到一个主意。 An idea suddenly struck me. 17) 她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。 A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 18) 我们没有听到任何声音。 Not a sound reached our ears. 19) 一踏上中华人民共和国国土，我们就随时随地受到关怀与照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, are and kindness surrounded us on every side. ;2.6 Ac