不等距铣刀刀齿分布优化与试验研究.pdf

南京航空航天大学硕士论文 摘 要 铣削加工是一种最常用的切削加工方法，铣削过程中极易产生的切削振动降低了机械加 工的生产效率，严重阻碍了制造技术的不断提高。为此本文基于主动抑振的理念，提出了采 用不等距铣刀进行铣削进行了分析研究。重点针对不等距铣刀刀齿最优分布问题开展了下列 研究： 根据金属切削原理，建立了特定铣削条件下的多齿不等距铣刀的切削力模型，通过 正交试验获得所建立的切削力参数，然后分析不同的切削参数对切削力系数的影响， 综合分析确定在小切削宽度铣削过程中合理选用切削参数的基本原则。 根据不等距铣刀的铣削力模型进行切削力频谱分析，运用能量法和方差法建立不等 距铣刀刀齿最优分布目标函数，并设计和选择不同的优化方法对刀齿最优分布目标 函数进行理论数值优化比较分析，获得刀齿分布角度。 合理设计不等距铣刀的刀齿优化角度和其他刀具参数，定制了三种不等距铣刀，并 进行铣削试验研究，然后通过对采集的铣削过程中力信号、加速度信号和声音信号 进行时域和频域分析综合评价了不等距铣刀的抑振效果。 关键词：不等距铣刀，刀齿，分布优化，切削振动 I 不等距铣刀刀齿分布优化与试验研究 Abstract Milling is one of the most common cutting processing methods, but at milling process the vibration reduced machining efficiency, seriously hindered the development of the manufacturing technology. Using variable-pitch milling cutter could reduce the forced vibration that is caused at machining process, the better quality of machining surface could be got, the tools durability, and efficiency of production could be improved greatly. The paper carries out research focusing on the monitoring issues of the machining process as follows: According to the theory of metal-cutting, the multi-tooth milling force model is presented on certain milling conditions, based on orthogonal experiment, the parameters of milling force could be acquired, then analyzing the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force coefficient. In small cutting width milling process, comprehensive analyzing determine the rational use of the basic principles of cutting parameters. the model of milling force that is established is used to analyze at spectrum domain, According to