02大气中的辐射.ppt

* * * * http://www.catalogus-professorum-halensis.de/miegustav.html http://frhewww.physik.uni-freiburg.de/kabuff/urls/gmh/mie.html German physisist born in 1868 in Rostock and died in 1957 in Freiburg im Breisgau in Germany. He studied natural science and mathematics in Rostock and Heidelberg. He obtained his doctate in 1891 in Heidelberg. From 1892 to 1902 he was an assistent at the Physics Institute at the Technical University of Karlsruhe. In 1897 he obtained his Habilitation for theoretical physics. In 1902 he became a special professor (Extraordinarius) at the University of Greifswald where he wrote his famous paper on particle light scattering. In 1917 he became Professor at the University of Halle and in 1924 he joint the University of Freiburg. * * http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bouguer.html Pierre Bouguers father, Jean Bouguer, was Royal Professor of Hydrography. Now a remarkable thing happened. Jean Boutroux died when Pierre was fifteen years old and so his professorship of hydrography became vacant. Pierre applied for his fathers professorship and he was such a remarkable young man, both brilliant and knowledgeabl, that he was appointed. Bouguer wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability). However, he made an outstanding contribution to an area of science which he treated as a hobby for many years. This was his work on photometry which has earned for him the title of father of photometry. * /view.jsp?artid=505letter=B Beer was born in Trier, where he studied mathematics and natural sciences. He worked for Julius Plücker in Bonn afterwards, where he made Ph.D. in 1848 and professor in 1850. In 1854, he published his book Einleitung in die h?here Optik. His findings, together with those of Johann Heinrich Lambert, make up the Beer-Lambert law. * * * * * 1. Beer-Bouguer-Lanbert law Pierre Bouguer 1698-1758 versatile Frenc